If you're considering raising livestock or poultry for meat production, understanding the dollars and cents behind the protein business is crucial. Here are the top 10 financial facts and figures to know:

1. Major Upfront Investment Required

Expect high infrastructure costs of $500+ per head for cattle feedlots and similar for hog and poultry barns. Land, equipment, permits and labor add up quickly. Be prepared to spend years recouping startup expenses.

2. Revenue Per Animal Varies by Protein

Cattle finishing brings around $1,000-$1,500 per head. Hogs produce $150-$250 each. Chicken broilers yield only $5-$10 per bird. Volume and economies of scale are imperative. 

3. Volatile Commodity Prices Mean Unpredictable Revenue 

Livestock and feed prices fluctuate constantly, making financial planning difficult. Contracts and hedging provide some stability, but markets change rapidly.

4. High Operating Expenses Beyond Infrastructure

Feed, labor, energy and maintenance represent big ongoing production costs that must be tightly managed. Any cost inflation quickly erodes thin margins.

5. Net Profit Margins Typically Only 1-7%

After all expenses, bottom line profit margins remain razor thin in meat production, leaving little room for error.

6. Years Required to Recoup Startup Costs 

Don't expect to repay initial infrastructure investments for at least 3-7 years given the tight margins. Access to ample, low-cost capital is imperative.

7. Vertical Integration Improves Profit Capture

Controlling more of the supply chain such as genetics, feed, processing and distribution expands margins for integrated producers. 

8. Niche Markets Offer Better Returns

Higher priced organic, grass-fed or premium meats can improve profits, but business expertise is still needed. Local, direct distribution also adds value.

9. Extreme Efficiency Essential for Profitability

Only the largest, most efficient operators can achieve reliable profits year after year. Smaller producers struggle on tiny margins.

10. Profits Possible But Challenging

With enough capital, scale, integration and operational skills, money can be made. But the finances behind meat are complex and ever-changing.

Let me know if you have any other questions on the financial side of meat production !